Quartz is a compound mineral.

Diamond is made of pure carbon.

A crystal grows when atoms link together.

Certain crystals can only grow in certain conditions.

Silicon is used for technology.

Who knew these things? This stuff is cool, huh?

Magma cools into Igneous rock then heat and pressure turns it into a metamorphic rock next the meta morphic rock would break into sediments by weathering and erosion then the sediment would cement into sedimentary rock then melt into magma.

Magma becomes Igneous the igneous rock would erode and become sediments, the sediments pressurize into a sedimentary rock and they become metamorphic and they melt.

Magma>>>Igneous>>> Melt into magma>>> Igneous>>> Heat and preasure>>> Melting

Igneous rocks:

Pumice:

 A very light rock, and is a textural term for a volcanic rock that is a solidified frothy lava typically created when super-heated, highly pressurized rock is violently ejected from a volcano.

Basalt:

 Is a common extrusive volcanic rock. It is usually grey to black and fine-grained due to rapid cooling of lava at the surface of a planet.

Granite:

 Is a common and widely occurring type of intrusive, felsic, igneous rock. Granite usually has a medium- to coarse-grained texture. Occasionally some individual crystals (phenocrysts) are larger than the groundmass, in which case the texture is known as porphyritic.

Obsidian:

 Is a naturally occurring volcanic glass formed as an extrusive igneous rock.

It is produced when felsic lava extruded from a volcano cools rapidly with minimum crystal growth.

Sedimentary:

Shale:

  Is a fine-grained, clastic sedimentary rock composed of mud that is a mix of flakes of clay minerals and tiny fragments (silt-sized particles) of other minerals, especially quartz and calcite.

Sandstone:

  Is a clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized minerals or rock grains. Most sandstone is composed of quartz and/or feldspar because these are the most common minerals in the Earth’s crust. Like sand, sandstone may be any colour, but the most common colours are tan, brown, yellow, red, gray, pink, white and black.

Limestone:

 Is a sedimentary rock composed largely of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃). Many limestones are composed from skeletal fragments of marine organisms such as coral or foraminifera.

Conglomerate:

  Is a rock consisting of individual clasts within a finer-grained matrix that have become cemented together. Conglomerates are sedimentary rocks consisting of rounded fragments and are thus differentiated from breccias, which consist of angular clasts. Both conglomerates and breccias are characterized by clasts larger than sand (>2 mm).

Metamorphic:

Schist:

 The schists constitute a group of medium-grade metamorphic rocks, chiefly notable for the preponderance of lamellar minerals such as micas, chlorite, talc, hornblende, graphite, and others. Quartz often occurs in drawn-out grains to such an extent that a particular form called quartz schist is produced.

Marble:

 Is a metamorphic rock composed of recrystallized carbonate minerals, most commonly calcite or dolomite. Geologists use the term “marble” to refer to metamorphosed limestone; however stonemasons use the term more broadly to encompass unmetamorphosed limestone.

Gneiss:

 Is a common and widely distributed type of rock formed by high-grade regional metamorphic processes from pre-existing formations that were originally either igneous or sedimentary rocks.

Slate:

  Is a fine-grained, foliated, homogeneous metamorphic rock derived from an original shale-type sedimentary rock composed of clay or volcanic ash through low-grade regional metamorphism. The result is a foliated rock in which the foliation may not correspond to the original sedimentary layering.

Color:  Is an unreliable clue to isentifying the mineral because weathered surfaces may hide the color of minerals. For example, Iron Pyrite is the color of gold, but appears dark yellow when it is weathered.

Luster: Light reflected on a mineral is called Luster. Minerals with a polished surface are said to have a mettalic luster. Minerals that look like glass have a glassy luster. Things like that.

Streak: The color of mineral in powder form is called streak. You can see this easily if you rub a rock on a hard surface and see the powder on the ground.

Cleavage and fracture: Some minerals split easy. Mica has tetrahedral sheets, and they tend to split into parralel sheets, and this is called cleavage. Many minerals don’t have cleavage instead they break or fracture.

Hardness: The measure of the ability of a mineral to resist scratching. Hardness does not mean resistance to cleavage or fracture. To test an unknown mineral for hardness, you must determine which is the hardest mineral it can scratch. For example, galena can scratch gypsum but not calcite.

Crystal shape: Each kind of mineral is characterized by crystals of a specific shape.

Density: Density is the ratio of the mass of a substance to its volume. The density of a mineral depends on the kinds of atoms it contains and how closely they are packed.

Special properties of minerals:

Magnetism: A magnet passed through some sand or loose soil may attract small particles of iron containing minerals.

Fluorescence, and Phosphorescence: Fluorescence is the ability to glow under ultra-violet light. Phosporescence is the ability to glow even after exposure to ultraviolet light.

Double Refraction: Light rays bend as they pass through transparent minerals. Light passing from one substance to another is called refracting. Double refraction is caused when light splits into two rays of light.

Radioactivity: Some minerals have radioactivity. Radioactivity results as an unstable nuclei decay over time into stable nuclei by releasing particles and energy.

Azurite is a bright blue copper carbonate and is a nonsilicate

Quartzite is a metaphoric quarts sandstone and is a silicate

Mica is a silicate mineral known for its perfect cleavage into thin sheets

Celestine is a strontium sulfate, it’s name means celestial, and is a a nonsilicate

Galena is the main source of lead and is a nonsilicate

Hematite is an Iron ore, sometimes used in jewelry, and is a nonsilicate

Pyrite is sometimes called fools gold and is a nonsilicate

Stibnite is a sulfide mineral, has long slender metallic bladed crystals, and is a nonsilicate

Calcite is a common carbonate mineral, often a replacement mineral in fossils, and is a non silicate

Baryte is a very heavy sulfate mineral and is a nonsilicate

Halite is a rock sock salt and is a nonsilicate

Flourite is a calcium flouride and is a nonsilicate

Malachite is a bright green copper carbonate and is a nonsilicate

The highest grade amethyst called ‘Deep Russian” is exceptionally rare.

It is the most highly valued of the semiprecious quartzes.

It is Violet Purple

Amethyst can be found in many parts of the world; however Southern Brazil and Uruguay have the largest deposits in the world. Madagascar is also well known for its Amethyst deposits. In Germany, there are many areas where Amethyst have been found including the Idar- Oberstein district in Germany and Russia also has some deposits, mainly near the Ural Mountains. In the United States, Amethyst can be found, however it is usually not jewelry grade.

<It looks like this<

Amethyst is formed in silica rich liquids deposited in gas cavities (geodes) in lava

Amethyst is pretty much silicon dioxide (SiO2) with trace iron and aluminum which create the famous purple coloring.

Amethyst is the purple variety of quartz and is one of the most popular gems. If it were not for its widespread availability, Amethyst would be very expensive. Amethyst is a widely used gem. Most Amethyst is faceted or cut into cabochons for jewelry. Large chunks of Amethyst are carved. Amethyst is also popular among mineral collectors.

The Color Of Amethyst, has become a coined phrase. Many things are said to be of an Amethyst color. Even other, more expensive purple gemstones are often compared to its color and beauty. It must always be purple to be amethyst. But it comes in a very wide range of purple shades. Amethyst comes in long six sided crystals or can form as druzies that are crystalline crusts that only show the pointed termination’s. Its color and nice crystal shapes make it a popular mineral specimen.

Phantom quartz shapes are sometimes present in the interior of quartz crystals, outlining an earlier stage of the crystal’s formation. These phantoms are usually composed of other minerals or other varieties of quartz This leaves a coating on most or all of the surfaces of the crystal during its growth. The crystal then resumes its crystallization creating a phantom crystal outline within itself. Some of the crystals we have show these phantoms.

When it comes to the order of planets it am number one

At night it am very cold in day its am very hot

It rotate slowly and revolve around the sun alot

Dispite being named after a roman goddess of love

Venus has storms every where and has air as hot as a stove

On this planet there is a big long river

Many miles of lava and the lightning makes me shiver

On Earth there is life there is no place we would rather be

On this planet of green and blue there is much to see

There are creatures big and small in the sea

There are many creatures on land and many trees

A big red planet you can see in the sky is Mars

It is just among the dark sky of stars

Big red is just a barren wasteland nothing around

There is rarely any water nothing but ground

On jupiter the planet with the most masses

It’s core is a rock and it’s atmosphere is made of gases

Life is a possibility on mars surprisingly cool

Plankton and fish wow I might drool

Saturn is famous for it’s big red ring

When it had a storm this year that was a real thing

It has a rocky core like Jupiter too

When it comes to the largest planets Saturn is number two

Uranus is a planet of gas and has the coldest planetary atmosphere

Uranus has a complicated planetary ring system here

This planet has “Ices” such as ammonia and methane

It has 27 moons that is insane

Neptune is a planet of sea

On here is a water nothing to see

Silicate, Nickle, and Iron makes up this planet’s core

This planet is done for now Pluto is just at the door

Pluto is the smallest planet of all

No longer called a planet because it is very small

Now called a comet

Not a planet

The sun is a middle aged star and half of it’s life is over. The core of the sun is 27 million*F. The sun is 870,000 miles wide and is 333,000 times heavier than earth. Light from the sun supports life on earth and also the sun damages eyesight when looked at directly so Don’t peek! The sun is 92% hydrogen 7% helium the rest is low number gases.

The sun is a wonderful thing to see everyday. let us just be glad bacause without it we would be dead.

A. A telescope is used to see objects far away from us. Land or mountains seen from a distance and even a galaxy!

Q. What are the three main types of telescopes and how do they work?

A.

Refracting telescope uses lenses to help focus the light.

Reflecting Telescope uses mirrors to see.

Cassegrain Telescope uses both lenses and mirrors.

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Q. Can I see colors through a telescope?

A. Yes you can. I had a telescope once, looked at a star, and the color appeared red! So you will be able to see color through a telescope.

Q. How can I look at the sun through a telescope?

A. It is easy! Even without the telescope all you have to do is STARE at it! Actually, that wouldn’t be a good idea. Even with a telescope if you look at it your eyesight will be damaged in less than a minute.

Q. Where can I get a telescope?

A. Well that question is somewhat easy to answer. You can get a telescope by buying it on Amazon, Ebay or something like that but if you want to find one at a store around where you live I think it might be hard to find, unless you ask the staff at a store that carries many items. heh…

Q.  Do telescopes need electricity?

A. Not really. In fact I don’t think telescopes need electricity at all. I honestly think some scientist out there has a telescope that can detect radio waves.

Q. Can I use a telescope to look at objects on the earth to?

A. Yes. You can see anything that is visible on earth with a telescope. Were you planning on building it on the moon or something? No? Good cause I think that would be ridiculous. But really you can see objects on the earth with a telescope.

Pulsars is the form of a star after it dies. *boom* When it becomes a neutron star. It might be something else. A star that emits two beams of radiation that sweeps across space. The stars that does that are called Pulsars.

Quasars are close to relation to a star, they are so unusual, distant, and they move haster than anything else in the universe. It is said that quasars have black holes in their centers.